Wireless device connection handover

ABSTRACT

A system and method includes a first device (e.g., a primary wireless earbud) connected to a second device (e.g., a secondary wireless earbud) using a first wireless connection. The first device is also connected to a third device (e.g., a smartphone or smart watch) using a second wireless connection. If the first device determines that a handoff-triggering event has occurred, the first device disconnects the second wireless connection and the second device and the third device establish a third wireless connection between them.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a non-provisional of, and claims the benefit of priority to, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/856,419, filed Nov. 15, 2017, in the names of Milos Jorgovanovic et al, and entitled “BLUETOOTH WIRELESS EARBUDS,” which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

Wireless audio devices, such as earbuds or headphones, may be used to communicate wirelessly with a user device, such as a smartphone, smartwatch, or similar device, and with each other. The wireless earbuds may be used to output audio sent from the user device, such as music, as part of two-way communications, such as telephone calls, and/or to receive audio for speech recognition. Speech-recognition systems have progressed to the point at which humans are able to interact with computing devices using their voices. Such systems employ techniques to detect when speech is occurring and to identify the words spoken by a human user based on the received audio input. Voice-activity detection, speech recognition, and natural-language understanding processing techniques enable speech-based user control of a computing device to perform tasks based on the user's spoken commands. The combination of voice-activity detection, speech recognition, and/or natural-language understanding processing techniques is referred to herein as speech processing. Speech processing may also involve converting a user's speech into text data, which may then be provided to various text-based software applications.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a system configured to handover a wireless connection according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2A illustrates a system configured to handover a wireless connection according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2B illustrates a system configured to use a voice interface according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 3A and 3B are conceptual diagrams of components of a wireless connection system according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of components of a wireless connection according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates a process flow for wireless handover according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a data flow relating to wireless handover according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating example audio devices according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 8 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example user device according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 9 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example remote device according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a computer network for use with the device provisioning system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Some electronic devices may include an audio-based input/output interface. In certain situations, a user may interact with such a device—which may be, for example, a smartphone, tablet, computer, or other speech-controlled device—partially or exclusively using his or her voice and ears. Exemplary interactions include listening to music or other audio, communications such as telephone calls, audio messaging, and video messaging, and/or audio input for search queries, weather forecast requests, navigation requests, or other such interactions. The device may include one or more microphones for capturing voice input and hardware and/or software for converting the voice input into audio data. As explained in greater detail below, the device may further include hardware and/or software for analyzing the audio data and determining commands and requests therein and/or may send the audio data to a remote device for such analysis. The device may include an audio output device, such as a speaker, for outputting audio that in some embodiments responds to and/or prompts for the voice input.

Use of the above-described electronic device may, at times, be inconvenient, difficult, or impossible. Sometimes, such as while exercising, working, or driving, the user's hands may be occupied, and the user may not be able to hold the device in such a fashion as to effectively interact with the device's audio interface. Other times, the level of ambient noise may be too high for the device to accurately detect speech from the user or too high for the user to understand audio output from the device. In these situations, the user may prefer to connect headphones to the device. As the term is used herein, “headphones” may refer to any hands-free, wearable audio input/output device and includes headsets, earphones, earbuds, or any similar device. For added convenience, the user may choose wireless headphones, which communicate with the device—and optionally each other—via a wireless connection, such as Bluetooth, WI-FI, near-field magnetic induction (NFMI), LTE, or any other type of wireless connection.

In the present disclosure, for clarity, headphone components that communicate with both a third device and each other are referred to as “wireless earbuds,” but the term “earbud” does not limit the present disclosure to any particular type of wired or wireless headphones. The present disclosure may further differentiate between a “right earbud,” meaning a headphone component disposed in or near a right ear of a user, and a “left earbud,” meaning a headphone component disposed in or near a left ear of a user. A “primary” earbud communicates with both a “secondary” earbud, using a first wireless connection (such as a Bluetooth connection); the primary earbud further communicates with a third device (such as a smartphone, smart watch, or similar device) using a second connection (such as a Bluetooth connection). The secondary earbud communicates only with the primary earbud and does not communicate directly with the smartphone; any communication therewith passes through the primary earbud via the first wireless connection. In some embodiments, the primary earbud is a central or master Bluetooth device and the secondary earbud is a peripheral or slave Bluetooth device.

The primary and secondary earbuds may include similar hardware and software; in other instances, the secondary earbud contains only a subset of the hardware/software included in the primary earbud. If the primary and secondary earbuds include similar hardware and software, they may trade the roles of primary and secondary prior to or during operation as described herein. The primary earbud may include hardware, software, firmware, or other configuration information that, upon power-on, reset, or other such event, causes the primary earbud to assume the primary role. Similarly, the secondary earbud may include configuration information that causes the secondary earbud to assume the secondary role. In the present disclosure, the primary earbud may be referred to as the “first device,” the secondary earbud may be referred to as the “second device,” and the smartphone or other device may be referred to as the “third device.” The first, second, and/or third devices may communicate over a network, such as the Internet, with one or more server devices, which may be referred to as “remote device(s).”

Wireless earbuds, which may communicate wirelessly not only with a third device but with each other, may be more desirable and/or convenient to users because the earbuds do not require a wire or cord connecting them; such a cord may be distracting and/or uncomfortable. The lack of a connecting cord means, however, that each earbud requires its own power source, such as a battery. Such a power source is necessarily limited. Because the primary earbud maintains two wireless connections (one with the secondary earbud and one with the third device), it may consume power more quickly than the secondary earbud and therefore run lower on battery power more quickly. Other events may affect the use of the primary earbud—the user may simply remove the primary earbud, by design or by accident, from his or her ear, the primary earbud may detect a degradation in operation, or the like.

In these situations, even though the smartphone and secondary earbud are still functional (and/or on the user's person, in the user's vicinity, etc.), impending loss of functionality of the primary earbud may lead to cessation of any communication being sent or received from the earbuds. Because communications between the smartphone and the secondary earbud are sent via the primary earbud, loss of or disabling of the primary earbud means that no further communications can be sent or received to or from the smartphone using the secondary earbud. Cessation of communications may be inconvenient to the user, such as if music being output by the earbuds ceases, or may be more than inconvenient if, for example, the user was engaged in an important telephone call or relying on audio navigation directions.

The present disclosure offers a system and method for handing over communication between a primary earbud and a smartphone (or other device) to communication between a secondary earbud and the smartphone when the primary earbud detects occurrence of an event prompting the handover. Such an event is herein also referred to as a handover trigger. As explained further below, a first wireless connection connects the primary and secondary earbuds. The secondary earbud maintains information about a second wireless connection between the primary earbud and the smartphone, such as stack layer information, and/or baseband-connection information. The secondary earbud may further maintain information about the primary earbud, such as its address, digital-signal processing (DSP) information, sensor-related information, state, status, and/or information related to any application executing thereon. This wireless connection information may be sent from the primary earbud to the secondary earbud; instead or in addition, the secondary earbud may determine the connection information by monitoring the second wireless connection. As the term is used herein, as one of skill in the art will understand, monitoring a connection refers to analyzing a network connection, such as a wireless network connection, to determine one or more attributes regarding the network, such as stack information, baseband information, or any other such information. If the primary earbud determines that a handover trigger occurred, it may disconnect the second wireless connection which, as explained in greater detail below, may include sending any pending packets to the smartphone (i.e., “draining” packets) and/or sending a command to the smartphone to pause communications (i.e., a “flow off” command). The primary earbud may then send an indication of the handover to the secondary earbud, which may, in response, send a confirmation of receipt to the primary earbud. Using the wireless connection information, the secondary earbud creates a third wireless connection with the smartphone.

FIG. 1A illustrates a system for wireless connection handoff including a first device 110 a (e.g., a primary earbud) and a second device 110 b (e.g., a secondary earbud). The first device 110 a and the second device 110 b communicate using a first wireless connection 114 a, which may be a Bluetooth or similar connection. The first device 110 a communicates with a third device 112, such as a smartphone, smart watch, or similar device, using a second wireless connection 114 b, which may also be a Bluetooth or similar connection. The present disclosure may refer to particular Bluetooth protocols, such as classic Bluetooth, Bluetooth Low Energy (“BLE” or “LE”), Bluetooth Basic Rate (“BR”), and/or Bluetooth Enhanced Data Rate (“EDR”), but the present disclosure is not limited to any particular Bluetooth or other protocol. In some embodiments, however, the first wireless connection 114 a between the first device 110 a and the second device 110 b is a low-power connection such as BLE; the second wireless connection 114 b may include a high-bandwidth connection such as EDR in addition to or instead of a BLE connection. The third device 112 communicates with one or more remote device(s) 120, which may be server devices, via a network 199, which may be the Internet, a wide- or local-area network, or any other network. The first device 110 a may output first output audio 15 a, and the second device 110 b may output second output audio 15 b. The first device 110 a and second device 110 b may capture input audio 11 from a user 5, process the input audio 11, and/or send the input audio 11 and/or processed input audio to the third device 112 and/or remote device(s) 120, as described in greater detail below.

In various embodiments, as also explained in greater detail below, a first wireless connection 114 a is created (130) between the first device 110 a and second device 110 b; the first device 110 a and/or second device 110 b may create the first wireless connection 114 a upon, for example, power-on or reset. The first device 110 a sends (132), to the second device 110 b, first data corresponding to the second wireless connection 114 b between the first device 110 a and the third device 112; the second device 110 b may determine the first data by receiving it from the first device 110 a and/or by monitoring the second wireless connection 114 b. The first data may be, for example, configuration information corresponding to the second wireless connection 114 b. The first device 110 a determines (134) that a handover trigger occurred; as explained in greater detail below, handover triggers may include the first device 110 a losing power, failing, being removed from an ear of the user, or for any other reason. The first device 110 a disconnects (136) the second wireless connection 114 b; before, during, or prior to disconnecting the second wireless connection 114 b, the first device 110 a sends (138) an indication of the handover to the second device 110 b.

Referring also to FIG. 1B, the second device 110 b creates (140), with optional participation of the first device 110 a, the first wireless connection 114 a. The second device 110 b may determine (142) first data corresponding to the second wireless connection 114 b; the first data may include, for example, stack layer information and baseband-connection information. In some embodiments, the first device 110 a does not send at least a portion of the first data and the second device 110 b instead determines at least a portion of the first data by monitoring the second wireless connection 114 b. The second device 110 b receives (144) the indication of the handover from the first device 110 a. As a result, the second device 110 b establishes (146), using the first data, a third wireless connection 114 c with the third device 112. The second device 110 b may further replicate the state, context, and/or status of the first device 110 a using the first data. In some embodiments, the first device includes a first instance of an application and the second device 110 b includes a second instance; the second device 110 b may update the status of the second instance, using the first data, to copy the context of the first instance.

The system of FIGS. 1A and 1B may operate using various connection components as described in FIG. 2A. The various components may be located on the same or on different physical devices. Communication between various components may occur directly or across a network(s) 199. Below is a discussion of those components.

The devices 110 a/110 b may each include a connection data component 220 and a connection configuration component 222, which may be implemented using hardware, software, and/or firmware. In various embodiments, the connection configuration component 222 may be used to, for example, create the first wireless connection 114 a between the first device 110 a and the second device 110 b, determine occurrence of the handover trigger, and/or establish the third wireless connection 114 c. The connection data component 220 may determine and/or store configuration information regarding the second wireless connection 114 b by, for example, receiving information regarding the second wireless connection 114 b from the first device 110 a and/or by monitoring the second wireless connection 114 b. This configuration information may be used by the connection configuration component 222 to establish the third wireless connection 114 c. The third device 112 may include a connection component 224 that may be used to help establish the second wireless connection 114 b and/or the third wireless connection 114 c. The connection component 224 may include, for example, Bluetooth connection protocols and/or an application downloaded from an application store. The remote device(s) 120 may include an orchestrator component 230. The orchestrator component 230 may include memory and logic that enables it to transmit and receive various pieces and forms of data to various components of the system. The remote device(s) 120 may include user profile storage 270 that may include, for example, information related to the devices 110 a/110 b, such as network identification or password information, and may include one or more speechlets/application(s) 290.

An “application,” as used herein, may be considered synonymous with a “skill.” A skill may be software akin to an application. That is, a skill may enable the remote device(s) 120 and/or the application server(s) to execute specific functionality in order to provide output data to the user 5. The system may be configured with more than one skill. A skill may either be executed by the remote device(s) 120 or merely associated with the remote device(s) 120 (i.e., one executed by the application server(s)).

The devices 110 a/110 b may monitor ambient audio to determine whether speech is present in the audio using, for example, voice-activity detection (VAD). Once a device detects speech in the audio, it may detect if a wakeword is represented in the audio. This wakeword-detection process may also be referred to as keyword detection, with the wakeword being a specific example of a keyword. To determine whether a wakeword is spoken, the device may compare captured audio data to a stored wakeword signature. The wakeword signature may correspond to a built-in word or phrase or may be programmed by the user. When the device detects a wakeword, the device may “wake” and send captured audio data to a remote system for speech processing and a determination of output content responsive to the received audio.

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) is a field of computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics concerned with transforming audio data associated with speech into text data representative of that speech. Similarly, natural language understanding (NLU) is a field of computer science, artificial intelligence, and linguistics concerned with enabling computers to derive meaning from text input containing natural language. ASR and NLU are often used together as part of a speech processing system. Thus, a spoken-language processing system may include an ASR component that receives audio input of a user utterance and generates one or more likely transcriptions of the utterance and may also include a NLU component that receives textual input, such as a transcription of a user utterance, and determines the meaning of the text in a way that can be acted upon, such as by a computer application.

A speech-processing system may be configured as a relatively self-contained system in which a single device captures audio, performs speech processing, and executes a command corresponding to the input speech. Alternatively, a speech processing system may be configured as a distributed system in which a number of different devices combine to capture audio of a spoken utterance, perform speech processing, and execute a command corresponding to the utterance. Although the present application describes a distributed system, the teachings of the present application may apply to any system configuration.

ASR and NLU can be computationally expensive; significant computing resources may be needed to perform ASR and NLU processing within a reasonable time frame. Because of this expense, a distributed computing environment may be used when performing speech processing. A typical such distributed environment may involve one or more local devices having one or more microphones being configured to capture sounds from a user speaking and convert those sounds into an audio signal or other types of data. The audio signal/data may then be sent to one or more downstream remote devices for further processing, such as converting the audio signal into an ultimate command. For example, one or more servers may combine to perform ASR, one or more servers may combine to perform NLU, and so on. The command may then be executed by one or a combination of remote and local devices depending on the command itself.

As indicated above, the system of FIGS. 1A and 1B may operate using various speech processing and other components as described in FIG. 2B. The various components may be located on the same or on different physical devices. Communication between various components may occur directly or across a network(s) 199. Below is a discussion of those components, followed by a further discussion of capturing audio.

The devices 110 a/110 b may each include an audio-processing component 226, a voice-activity detection component 228, a wakeword detection component 229, and/or other components. The devices 110 a/110 b may receive input audio 11 using an audio capture component, such as a microphone or microphone array, as explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B. The audio-processing component 226 may receive the captured audio and determine audio data based thereon. In some embodiments, the audio-processing component 226 includes a hardware and/or software analog-to-digital converter that converts the analog input audio, as captured by the microphone, into a digital audio signal for inclusion in the audio data. The analog-to-digital converter may sample the input audio 11 at any of a variety of different sample rates and amplifications. The audio-processing component 226 may further include noise reduction, automatic gain control, or any other such audio processing hardware or software. The audio-processing component 226 may include an encryption and/or compression component to encrypt and/or compress the audio data; the encryption and/or compression may conform to an industry standard, such as Bluetooth.

The voice-activity detection component 228 may monitor the input audio 11 to determine whether speech is present. For example, the voice-activity detection component 228 may analyze various quantitative aspects of the audio data, such as, for example, the spectral slope between one or more frames of the audio, the energy levels of the audio in one or more spectral bands, the signal-to-noise ratios of the audio in one or more spectral bands, and/or other quantitative aspects. In some instances, the voice-activity detection component 228 may use a trained classifier configured to distinguish speech from background noise. The classifier may be implemented using linear classifiers, support vector machines, and/or decision trees. The voice-activity detection component 228 may apply techniques using, for example, a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) or a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to compare the audio data to one or more acoustic models in speech storage; the acoustic models may include models corresponding to speech, noise (e.g., environmental noise or background noise), and/or silence. The voice-activity detection component 228 may “trigger” when it determines that speech is present in the audio and may transmit notification of the trigger to, for example, the audio-processing component 226, the wakeword detection component 229, another device 110 a/110 b, and/or the third device 112.

The wakeword detection component 229 may process input the audio data—continuously, at intervals, and/or in response to a notification of the triggering of the VAD component—to determine if a keyword (e.g., a wakeword) is present in the audio data. In some embodiments, however, such as telephone calls or other such communications, no wakeword is needed or expected. Following detection of a wakeword, the devices 110 a/110 b may output audio data 210 a, which may include at least a portion of the audio data, to the third device 112, which may in turn send corresponding output audio data 210 b to the remote device(s) 120. The output audio data 210 a may at least partially correspond to input audio 11 captured subsequent to input audio corresponding to the wakeword. That is, the input audio data may correspond to a spoken command that follows a spoken wakeword and optionally includes the spoken wakeword.

The wakeword detection component 229 may compare audio data to stored models or data to detect a wakeword. One approach for wakeword detection applies general large-vocabulary continuous speech-recognition (LVCSR) systems to decode the audio signals, with wakeword searching conducted in the resulting lattices or confusion networks. LVCSR decoding may, however, require relatively high computational resources. Another approach for wakeword detection builds HMMs for each wakeword and non-wakeword speech signals respectively. The non-wakeword speech includes other spoken words, background noise, etc. There may be one or more HMMs built to model the non-wakeword speech characteristics, which are named filler models. Viterbi decoding may be used to search the best path in the decoding graph, and the decoding output may be further processed to make the decision on keyword presence. This approach may be extended to include discriminative information by incorporating a hybrid DNN-HMM decoding framework. In another example, the wakeword detection component 229 may be built on deep neural network (DNN)/recursive neural network (RNN) structures without using a HMM. Such a wakeword detection component 229 may estimate the posteriors of wakewords with context information, either by stacking frames within a context window for DNN, or using RNN. Follow-on posterior threshold tuning or smoothing is applied for decision making. Other techniques for wakeword detection, such as those known in the art, may also be used.

Upon receipt by the remote device(s) 120, the output audio data 210 b or other data may be sent to the orchestrator component 230. The orchestrator component 230 may include memory and logic that enables it to transmit and receive various pieces and forms of data to various components of the system. The orchestrator component 230 may send the output audio data 210 b to a speech-processing component 240. An ASR component 250 of the speech processing component 240 may transcribe the output audio data 210 b into text data representing one more hypotheses representing a spoken command represented in the output audio data 210 b. The ASR component 250 may interpret the spoken command represented in the output audio data 210 b based on a similarity between the spoken command and pre-established language models. For example, the ASR component 250 may compare the output audio data 210 b with models for sounds (e.g., subword units, such as phonemes, senons, etc.) and sequences of sounds to identify words that match the sequence of sounds corresponding to the spoken command represented in the output audio data 210 b. The ASR component 250 may send the text data generated thereby to an NLU component 260 of the speech processing component 240. The text data sent from the ASR component 250 to the NLU component 260 may include a top-scoring hypothesis or may include an N-best list including multiple hypotheses. An N-best list may additionally include a score associated with each hypothesis represented therein. Each score may indicate a confidence of ASR processing performed with respect to the hypothesis with which it is associated. While FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate components of the remote device(s) 120 communicating via the orchestrator component 230, one skilled in the art will appreciated that various components of the remote device(s) 120 may communication directly.

The NLU component 260 attempts to make a semantic interpretation of the phrases or statements represented in the text data input therein. That is, the NLU component 260 determines one or more meanings associated with the phrases or statements represented in the text data based on individual words represented in the text data. The NLU component 260 may determine an intent of the command represented in the text data (e.g., an action that a user desires be performed) and/or pertinent pieces of information in the text data that allow a device (e.g., the devices 110 a/110 b, the remote device(s) 120, etc.) to execute the intent. For example, if the text data corresponds to “call mom,” the NLU component 260 may determine that the user intended to activate a telephone application on his/her device and to initiate a call with a contact matching the entity “mom.”

The remote device(s) 120 may also include various speechlets/applications 290. It should be appreciated that the remote device(s) 120 may additionally or alternatively communicate with one or more application servers executing third-party applications. The speechlets/applications 290 may include, for example, shopping applications, mapping applications, weather applications, taxi or car-sharing applications, or the like. In some embodiments, the applications 290 include communications applications such as telephone applications, voice-over-IP applications, or similar applications; if these applications are used, the orchestrator component may send the output audio data 210 a there and not to the speech-processing component 240.

The remote device(s) 120 may include a TTS component 280 that generates audio data from text data using one or more different methods. In one method of synthesis called unit selection, the TTS component 280 matches text data against a database of recorded speech. The TTS component 280 may select matching units of recorded speech matching the text data and concatenates the units together to form audio data. In another method of synthesis, called parametric synthesis, the TTS component 280 varies parameters such as frequency, volume, and noise to create audio data including an artificial speech waveform. Parametric synthesis uses a computerized voice generator, sometimes called a vocoder.

FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate additional features of an embodiment of the first device 110 a and second device 110 b, respectively. As shown, the first device 110 a and second device 110 b have similar features; in other embodiments, as noted above, the second device 110 b (i.e., the secondary device) may have only a subset of the features of the first device 110 a. As illustrated, the first device 110 a and second device 110 b are depicted as wireless earbuds having an inner-lobe insert; as mentioned above, however, the present disclosure is not limited to only wireless earbuds, and any wearable audio input/output system, such as a headset, over-the-ear headphones, or other such systems, is within the scope of the present disclosure.

The devices 110 a/110 b include a speaker 302 a/302 b and a microphone 304 a/304 b. The speaker 302 a/302 b may be any type of speaker, such as an electrodynamic speaker, electrostatic speaker, diaphragm speaker, or piezoelectric speaker; the microphone 304 a/304 b may be any type of microphone, such as a piezoelectric or MEMS microphone. Each device 110 a/110 b may include one or more microphones 304 a/304 b.

The speaker 302 a/302 b and microphone 304 a/304 b may be mounted on, disposed on, or otherwise connected to a frame element 306 a/306 b. The devices 110 a/110 b further include an inner-lobe insert 308 a/308 b that may bring the speaker 302 a/302 b closer to the eardrum of the user and/or block some ambient noise.

One or more additional components may be disposed in or on the frame element 306 a/306 b. One or more antennas 310 a/310 b may be used to transmit and/or receive wireless signals over the first wireless connection 114 a and/or second connection 114 b; an I/O interface 312 a/312 b contains software and hardware to control the antennas 310 a/310 b and transmit signals to and from other components. A processor 314 a/314 b may be used to execute instructions in a memory 316 a/316 b; the memory 316 a/316 b may include volatile memory (e.g., random-access memory) and/or non-volatile memory or storage (e.g., flash memory). One or more sensors 318 a/318 b, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, or any other such sensor may be used to sense physical properties related to the devices 110 a/110 b, such as orientation; this orientation may be used to determine whether either or both of the devices 110 a/110 b are currently disposed in an ear of the user (i.e., the “in-ear” status of each device). The instructions may correspond to the audio-processing component 226, voice-activity detection component 228, wakeword detection component 229, and/or other components discussed above. FIG. 4 illustrates a right view 4 a and a left view 4 b of a user of the first device 110 a and the second device 110 b.

FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate process flows in accordance with the present disclosure. FIG. 5 is a process flow 500 corresponding to an embodiment in which the second device 110 b establishes a third wireless connection 114 c with the third device 112. FIG. 6 is a process flow illustrating data movement between the first device 110 a, second device 110 b, and third device 112. Each of these process flows is discussed below in greater detail.

Referring again to FIG. 5, the first device 110 a and second device establish (502) the first wireless connection 114 a. The first wireless connection 114 may be, as mentioned above, a Bluetooth connection such as a BLE connection, and may be established when the first device 110 a and/or second device 110 b power on and/or in response to a command from the third device 112. The first device 110 a may, for example, broadcast an advertisement to the second device 110 b, and the second device 110 b may respond thereto. As mentioned above, the first device 110 a and the second device 110 b may include similar hardware and software but may each include configuration information that assigns roles of primary and secondary thereto upon power-on or reset. Any type of connection-establishing messages, handshaking, or other such process for establishing the first wireless connection 114 a is within the scope of the present disclosure.

The second device 110 b determines (504) first data corresponding to the second wireless connection 114 b between the first device 110 a and the third device 112. As mentioned above, the first device 110 a may simply send this first data to the second device 110 b and/or the second device 110 b may determine the first data by monitoring the second wireless connection 114 b. The first data may include, for example, network-stack information, baseband-connection information, or any other such information. Specifically, the first data may include the address of the first device 110 a and/or third device 112, which may be a Bluetooth device address (BDA), and one or more security credentials associated with the third device 112, which may include a link key, a BLE long-term key, a BLE identity-resolution key, or any other such credential. The first data may further include a service discovery protocol (SDP) record and/or logical-link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP) channel information, such as channel identification (CID) information, protocol and service multiplexer (PSM) information, maximum transmission unit (MTU) information, or any other such channel information. The first data may further include radio-frequency communication (RFCOMM) link information, such as service channel number (SCN), credits, flow method, or other such link information. The first data may include profile information, such as hands-free status, advanced audio distribution profile (A2DP) information, audio/video remote-control profile (AVRCP) information, serial-port profile (SPP) information, or other such profile information. The first data may also include application-specific information, such as the application context of the first device 110 a and/or second device 110 b, sensor-related information such as orientation information, and/or configuration information for, for example digital-signal processing (DSP). As mentioned above, the first data may be determined by and/or stored by the connection data component 220.

The first device 110 a and/or second device 110 b monitor the second wireless connection 114 b to detect (506) any change therein and specifically any change that might affect the first data. Alternatively or in addition, the third device 112 may send data to the first device 110 a indicating a change in the second wireless connection 114 b. For example, the third device 112 may send data indicating a reconfiguring of the A2DP information. The first device 110 a may thereafter send, to the second device 110 b, data corresponding to the change or changes to the second wireless connection. The first device 110 a may send both changed and unchanged data corresponding to the second wireless connection 114 or only changed data. Alternatively or in addition, as described above, the second device 110 b may monitor the second wireless connection 114 b and determine any changes therein directly. However the change to the second wireless connection 114 b is determined, the second device 110 b may update (508) the first data based thereon to create updated first data. When the second device 110 a later creates the third wireless connection 114 c, the updated first data may be used. The second device 110 b may not update the first data or may update it any number of times.

The first device 110 a and/or second device 110 b may detect (510) occurrence of an event corresponding to a change in status of the first device 110 a, which event may be referred herein as a handoff-triggering event or a handoff trigger. In various embodiments, the event may be a first battery level of the first device 110 a falling below a first threshold (e.g., 5% or 10%) and/or a difference between the first battery level and a second battery level of the second device rising above a second threshold (e.g., second battery level >first battery level by 20%). The event may be a rate of decrease of the first battery level being greater than a threshold. The event may be a velocity or acceleration of the first device 110 a being greater than a threshold and a velocity or acceleration of the second device 110 b being below the threshold. The event may be an in-ear status of the first device being false and an in-ear status of the second device being true. The in-ear status may be “true” if the device is in the user's ear and “false” if the device is not in the user's ear and may be determined at least in part on data from sensors 318 a/b.

If no event is detected, the first device 110 a and/or second device 110 b may continue to continually or periodically continue to monitor detection of the event. If, however, the event is detected, the first device 110 a disconnects (512) the second wireless connection 114 b. This disconnecting may include sending, from the first device 110 a to the third device 112, packets queued to be sent or otherwise addressed to the third device 112. This sending of packets may be referred to as a draining of packets; the packets may be asynchronous connectionless (ACL) packets. The first device 110 a may further send the third device 112 a command to disconnect the second wireless connection 114 b and/or a command to pause transmission of further packets. This pause command to cease transmission may be a “flow off” command.

Once the second wireless connection 114 b is disconnected as described above, the first device 110 a may send (514), to the second device 110 b, second data corresponding to occurrence of the event. The second data may thus inform the second device 110 b to initiate the handover. In response, the second device 110 b may send, to the first device 110 a, a confirmation of receipt of the second data. In response to sending the second data and confirmation thereof, the first device 110 a may change its configuration to correspond to a secondary device, and the second device 110 b may change its configuration to correspond to a primary device. The first device 110 a may thus thereafter perform steps 140-146 of FIG. 1B, formerly associated with the second device 110 b, and the second device 110 b may thereafter perform steps 103-138 of FIG. 1A, formerly associated with the first device 110 a. Instead of or in addition to sending the confirmation of receipt of the second data, the first device 110 a and the second device 110 b may exchange handshake information associated with the switching of roles.

The second device 110 b establishes (516) the third wireless connection 114 c with the third device 112. Establishing the third wireless connection 114 c may include sending, from the second device 110 b to the third device 112, a resume command to resume sending of packets; this command may be a “flow on” command. Establishing the third wireless connection 114 c may further include sending, from the second device 110 b to the third device 112, data corresponding to a request to establish the third wireless connection 114 c; this request may be a Bluetooth advertisement request. The third wireless connection 114 c, like the second wireless connection 114 b, may include a BLE and/or EDR connection. The time elapsed between determining occurrence of the event and the establishment of the third wireless connection 114 c may be approximately 150-250 milliseconds.

FIG. 6 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. As described above, the first wireless connection 114 a connects the first device 110 a and the second device 110 b, and a second wireless connection 114 b connects the first device 110 a and the third device 112. The second device 110 b determines first data 602 regarding the second wireless connection 114 b by, as described above, receiving it from the first device 110 a and/or by monitoring. The first device 110 a may receive, from the third device 112, data 604 corresponding to a change in the second wireless connection 114 b (for example, when a smartphone initiates or detects a change in the second wireless connection) and may forward some or all of this data 606 to the second device 110 b. The first device 110 a determines occurrence of an event corresponding to change in status of the first device 110 a, i.e., a handover trigger 608. The first device 110 a sends, to the third device 112, a command to disconnect 610 the second wireless connection 114 b. Any packets queued for or otherwise addressed to the third device 112 are drained 612 (i.e., sent). The first device 110 a sends, to the third device 112, a pause command to pause sending (614) further packets (i.e., a “flow off” command).

The first device may send second data corresponding to an indication of the handover 616 to the second device 110 b, and the second device 110 b may send a confirmation 618 in response. The indication of the handover 616 may include, for example, a command informing the second device 110 b to begin the handover process. Alternatively or in addition, the first device 110 a and second device 110 b may exchange handshake information (620). As described above, the first device 110 a and second device 110 b may switch primary/secondary roles based on these messages. Once the switch is complete, the second device 110 b sends a resume command to the third device 112 to resume (622) sending packets (i.e., a “flow on” command) and an advertisement (624). The third device 112 and/or second device 110 b may thereafter create the third wireless connection 114 c

FIG. 7 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a first device 110 a or second device 110 b that may be used with the described system. FIG. 8 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating a third device 112 that may be used with the described system. FIG. 9 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating example components of a remote device, such as a remote server 120, that may assist with ASR, NLU processing, command processing, or the like. Multiple such devices 120 may be included in the system, such as one server(s) 120 for network provisioning, one server(s) for performing ASR, one server(s) 120 for performing NLU, etc. In operation, each of these devices (or groups of devices) may include computer-readable and computer-executable instructions that reside on the respective device (110 a/110 b/112/120), as will be discussed further below.

Each of these devices (110 a/110 b/112/120) may include one or more controllers/processors (314/804/904), which may each include a central processing unit (CPU) for processing data and computer-readable instructions and a memory (316/806/906) for storing data and instructions of the respective device. The memories (316/806/906) may individually include volatile random-access memory (RAM), non-volatile read only memory (ROM), non-volatile magnetoresistive (MRAM) memory, and/or other types of memory. Each device may also include a data-storage component (708/808/908), for storing data and controller/processor-executable instructions. Each data-storage component may individually include one or more non-volatile storage types such as magnetic storage, optical storage, solid-state storage, etc. Each device may also be connected to removable or external non-volatile memory and/or storage (such as a removable memory card, memory key drive, networked storage, etc.) through respective input/output device interfaces (312/802/902).

Computer instructions for operating each device (110 a/110 b/112/120) and its various components may be executed by the respective device's controller(s)/processor(s) (314/804/904), using the memory (316/806/906) as temporary “working” storage at runtime. A device's computer instructions may be stored in a non-transitory manner in non-volatile memory (316/806/906), storage (708/808/908), or an external device(s). Alternatively, some or all of the executable instructions may be embedded in hardware or firmware on the respective device in addition to or instead of software.

Each device (110 a/110 b/112/120) includes input/output device interfaces (312/802/902). A variety of components may be connected through the input/output device interfaces, as will be discussed further below. Additionally, each device (110 a/110 b/112/120) may include an address/data bus (724/824/924) for conveying data among components of the respective device. Each component within a device (110 a/110 b/112/120) may also be directly connected to other components in addition to (or instead of) being connected to other components across the bus (724/824/924).

For example, via the antenna 310/814, the input/output device interfaces 312/702 may connect to one or more networks 199 via a wireless local area network (WLAN) (such as Wi-Fi) radio, Bluetooth, and/or wireless network radio, such as a radio capable of communication with a wireless communication network such as a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network, WiMAX network, 3G network, etc. A wired connection such as Ethernet may also be supported. Through the network(s) 199, the speech processing system may be distributed across a networked environment.

Referring to the device 110 a/110 b/112 of FIGS. 7 and 8, the device 110 a/110 b/112 may also include input/output device interfaces 31/802 that connect to a variety of components, such as an audio output component like a speaker 302/860 or other component capable of outputting audio. The device 110 a/110 b/112 may also include an audio capture component which may be, for example, a microphone 304/850 or array of microphones. The microphone 750/850 may be configured to capture audio. The microphones 304 a and 304 b may be used to determine an approximate distance to a sound's point of origin; acoustic localization, based on time and/or amplitude differences between sounds captured by different microphones of the array, i.e., beam forming, may be performed. The device 110 a/110 b/112 (using microphone 304/850, wakeword detection module 229, ASR module 250, etc.) may be configured to determine audio data corresponding to detected audio. The device 110 a/110 b/112 (using input/output device interfaces 312/702, antenna 310/714, etc.) may also be configured to transmit the audio data to server 120 for further processing or to process the data using internal components such as a wakeword detection module 229. As a way of indicating to a user that a wireless connection to another device has been created, the device 110 a/110 b/112 may be configured with a visual indicator, such as an LED or similar component (not illustrated), that may change color, flash, or otherwise provide visual indications by the device 110 a/110 b/112. The device 112 may include a display 718, which may comprise a touch interface 719.

The device 110 a/110 b may include a wakeword detection component 229. The wakeword detection component 229 receives audio signals and detects occurrences of a particular expression (such as a configured keyword) in the audio. This may include detecting a change in frequencies over a specific period of time where the change in frequencies results in a specific audio signature that the system recognizes as corresponding to the keyword. Keyword detection may include analyzing individual directional audio signals, such as those processed post-beamforming if applicable. Other techniques known in the art of keyword detection (also known as keyword spotting) may also be used. In some embodiments, the device 110 a/110 b may be configured collectively to identify a set of the directional audio signals in which the wake expression is detected or in which the wake expression is likely to have occurred.

The wakeword detection component 229 receives captured audio and processes the audio to determine whether the audio corresponds to particular keywords recognizable by the device 110 a/110 b. The storage 708 may store data relating to keywords and functions to enable the wakeword detection component 229 to perform the algorithms and methods described above. The locally stored speech models may be pre-configured based on known information, prior to the device 110 a/110 b being configured to access the network by the user. For example, the models may be language and/or accent specific to a region where the user device is shipped or predicted to be located, or to the user himself/herself, based on a user profile, etc. In an aspect, the models may be pre-trained using speech or audio data of the user from another device. For example, the user may own another user device that the user operates via spoken commands, and this speech data may be associated with a user profile. The speech data from the other user device may then be leveraged and used to train the locally stored speech models of the device 110 a/110 b prior to the user device 110 a/110 b being delivered to the user or configured to access the network by the user. The wakeword detection component 229 may access the storage 708 and compare the captured audio to the stored models and audio sequences using audio comparison, pattern recognition, keyword spotting, audio signature, and/or other audio processing techniques.

As noted above, multiple devices may be employed in a single speech processing system. In such a multi-device system, each of the devices may include different components for performing different aspects of the speech processing. The multiple devices may include overlapping components. The components of the first and second devices 110 a/110 b, third device 112, and server 120, as illustrated in FIGS. 7, 8, and 9, are exemplary, and may be located a stand-alone device or may be included, in whole or in part, as a component of a larger device or system. The concepts disclosed herein may be applied within a number of different devices and computer systems, including, for example, general-purpose computing systems, speech processing systems, and distributed computing environments.

As illustrated in FIG. 10 multiple devices may contain components of the system 100 and the devices may be connected over a network 199. The network 199 may include one or more local-area or private networks and/or a wide-area network, such as the internet. Local devices may be connected to the network 199 through either wired or wireless connections. For example, a speech-controlled device, a tablet computer, a smart phone, a smart watch, and/or a vehicle may be connected to the network 199. One or more remote device(s) 120 may be connected to the network 199 and may communicate with the other devices therethrough. Headphones 110 a/110 b may similarly be connected to the remote device(s) 120 either directly or via a network connection to one or more of the local devices. The headphones 110 a/110 b may capture audio using one or more microphones or other such audio-capture devices; the headphones 110 a/110 b may perform audio processing, VAD, and/or wakeword detection, and the remove device(s) 120 may perform ASR, NLU, or other functions.

The above aspects of the present disclosure are meant to be illustrative and were chosen to explain the principles and application of the disclosure; they are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure. Many modifications and variations of the disclosed aspects may be apparent to those of skill in the art. Persons having ordinary skill in the field of computers, wearable devices, and speech processing will recognize that components and process steps described herein may be interchangeable with other components or steps, or combinations thereof, and still achieve the benefits and advantages of the present disclosure. Moreover, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the disclosure may be practiced without some or all of the specific details and steps disclosed herein. As the term is used herein, “component” may be interchanged with similar terms, such as “module” or “engine.”

Aspects of the disclosed system may be implemented as a computer method or as an article of manufacture, such as a memory device or non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage medium may be readable by a computer and may comprise instructions for causing a computer or other device to perform processes described in the present disclosure. The computer-readable storage medium may be implemented by a volatile computer memory, non-volatile computer memory, hard drive, solid-state memory, flash drive, removable disk, and/or other media. In addition, components of system may be implemented in firmware and/or hardware, such as an acoustic front end (AFE), which comprises, among other things, analog and/or digital filters (e.g., filters configured as firmware to a digital signal processor (DSP)).

Conditional language used herein, such as, “can,” “could,” “might,” “may,” “e.g.,” and the like, unless specifically stated otherwise, or otherwise understood within the context as used, is generally intended to convey that certain embodiments include, while other embodiments do not include, certain features, elements and/or steps. Thus, such conditional language is not generally intended to imply that features, elements, and/or steps are in any way required for one or more embodiments or that one or more embodiments necessarily include logic for deciding, with or without other input or prompting, whether these features, elements, and/or steps are included or are to be performed in any particular embodiment. The terms “comprising,” “including,” “having,” and the like are synonymous and are used inclusively, in an open-ended fashion, and do not exclude additional elements, features, acts, operations, and so forth. Also, the term “or” is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, to connect a list of elements, the term “or” means one, some, or all of the elements in the list.

Disjunctive language such as the phrase “at least one of X, Y, Z,” unless specifically stated otherwise, is understood with the context as used in general to present that an item, term, etc., may be either X, Y, or Z, or any combination thereof (e.g., X, Y, and/or Z). Thus, such disjunctive language is not generally intended to, and should not, imply that certain embodiments require at least one of X, at least one of Y, or at least one of Z to each be present. As used in this disclosure, the term “a” or “one” may include one or more items unless specifically stated otherwise. Further, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “based at least in part on” unless specifically stated otherwise. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer-implemented method comprising: during a first time period: communicating, between a first earbud and a second earbud using a first wireless connection, communicating between the first earbud and a device using a first Bluetooth connection, the first Bluetooth connection using first channel information and a first Bluetooth address associated with the first earbud, and communicating between the device and the second earbud through the first earbud using the first wireless connection and the first Bluetooth connection; and during a second time period after the first time period: detecting, by the first earbud, an event that prompts handing over of communications with the device from the first earbud to the second earbud, sending, from the first earbud to the second earbud and based at least in part on detecting the event, a first indication of handover of communications with the device from the first earbud to the second earbud, determining, by the second earbud, the first Bluetooth address and the first channel information, sending, from the first earbud to the device, a second indication to disconnect the first Bluetooth connection, establishing, by the second earbud and using the first Bluetooth address and the first channel information, a second Bluetooth connection with the device, and communicating between the second earbud and the device using the second Bluetooth connection.
 2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: sending, from the first earbud to the second earbud, the first channel information; monitoring, using the second earbud, the first Bluetooth connection; determining, based at least on part on monitoring the first Bluetooth connection, a change in the first channel information corresponding to a change in the first Bluetooth connection; and updating, using the second earbud, the first channel information using the change to create updated stack layer information.
 3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: communicating, between the first earbud and the second earbud using a third Bluetooth connection, wherein the third Bluetooth connection uses a second Bluetooth address associated with the second earbud; sending, from the first earbud to the device, a pause command; changing the second Bluetooth address of the second earbud to the first Bluetooth address; changing the first earbud from a primary Bluetooth device to a secondary Bluetooth device; changing the second earbud from a secondary Bluetooth device to a primary Bluetooth device; and sending, from the second earbud to the device, a resume command.
 4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: executing, by the first earbud, a first instance of an application; sending, from the first earbud to the second earbud, configuration data corresponding to a current state of the first instance; and configuring, by the second earbud, a second instance of the application using the configuration data such that a current state of the second instance is the same as the current state of the first instance.
 5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the first channel information comprises logical-link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP) channel information.
 6. A computer-implemented method comprising: establishing a first wireless connection between a first device and a second device; establishing a second wireless connection between the first device and a third device, the second wireless connection using a first address and first channel information; determining, by the second device, first data representing the first address and the first channel information; determining, by the first device, a change in status of the first device; sending, from the first device to the third device and based at least in part on the change in status, a first indication to disconnect the second wireless connection; sending, from the first device to the second device, a second indication corresponding to the change in status and indicating a handover of communications with the third device from the first device to the second device; establishing, using the first data and based at least in part on the second indication, a third wireless connection between the second device and the third device; and communicating between the second device and the third device using the third wireless connection.
 7. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising updating, by the second device, the first data to create updated first data based at least in part on: receiving, from the first device, the updated first data, wherein establishing the third wireless connection further uses the updated first data.
 8. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising updating, by the second device, the first data to create updated first data based at least in part on: detecting, by the second device, a change in logical-link control and adaptation protocol channel information corresponding to the first wireless connection, wherein establishing the third wireless connection further uses the updated first data.
 9. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, further comprising: sending, from the first device to the third device, a command to cease transmission of a plurality of packets corresponding to output audio data; and after establishing the third wireless connection, sending, from the third device to the second device, the plurality of packets.
 10. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein determining the change in status comprises at least one of: determining that a first battery charge level of the first device is less than a first threshold; determining that a difference between the first battery charge level and a second battery charge level corresponding to the second device is greater than a second threshold; determining that the first device is currently not disposed proximate to a first ear; or determining that the second device is currently disposed proximate to a second ear.
 11. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the first address is associated with the first device, and wherein establishing the third wireless connection further comprises: sending, from the second device to the third device, the first address.
 12. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein the first data includes configuration information corresponding to a first instance of an application executing on the first device, further comprising: configuring, by the second device, a second instance of the application executing on the second device using the configuration information corresponding to the first instance of the application.
 13. The computer-implemented method of claim 6, wherein, prior to establishing the third wireless connection, the first device is a primary Bluetooth device and the second device is a secondary Bluetooth device, further comprising: changing the first device to the secondary Bluetooth device; and changing the second device to the primary Bluetooth device.
 14. The computer-implemented method of claim of claim 6, wherein the first data includes at least one of network stack information or baseband connection information.
 15. A system comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the system to: establish a first wireless connection between a first device and a second device; establish a second wireless connection between the first device and a third device, the second wireless connection using a first address and first channel information; determine, by the second device, first data representing the first address and the first channel information; determine, by the first device, a change in status of the first device; send, from the first device to the third device and based at least in part on the change in status, a first indication to disconnect the second wireless connection; send, from the first device to the second device, a second indication corresponding to the change in status and indicating a handover of communications with the third device from the first device to the second device; establish, using the first data and based at least in part on the second indication, a third wireless connection between the second device and the third device; and communicate between the second device and the third device using the third wireless connection.
 16. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least one memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the system to: send, from the first device to the second device, updated first data, wherein establishing the third wireless connection further uses the updated first data.
 17. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least one memory further includes instruction that, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the system to: detect, by the second device, a change in logical-link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP) channel information corresponding to the first wireless connection, wherein establishing the third wireless connection further uses the change in the L2CAP channel information.
 18. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least one memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the system to: send, from the first device to the third device, a command to cease transmission of a plurality of packets corresponding to output audio data; and after establishing the third wireless connection, send, from the third device to the second device, the plurality of packets.
 19. The system of claim 15, wherein the at least one memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the system to determine the change in status at least in part by determining at least one of: that a first battery charge level corresponding to the first device is less than a first threshold; that a difference between the first battery charge level and a second battery charge level corresponding to the second device is greater than a second threshold; that the first device is currently not disposed proximate to a first ear; or that the second device is currently disposed proximate to a first ear.
 20. The system of claim 15, wherein the first address is associated with the first device and wherein the at least one memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the system to establish the third wireless connection at least in part by: sending, from the second device to the third device, the first address.
 21. The system of claim 15, wherein the first data includes configuration information corresponding to a first instance of an application executing on the first device and wherein the at least one memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the system to: configure, by the second device, a second instance of the application executing on the second device using the configuration information corresponding to the first instance of the application.
 22. The system of claim 15, wherein, prior to establishing the third wireless connection, the first device is a primary Bluetooth device and the second device is a secondary Bluetooth device, and wherein the at least one memory further includes instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, further cause the system to: change the first device to the secondary Bluetooth device; and change the second device to the primary Bluetooth device.
 23. The system of claim 15, wherein the first data includes at least one of network stack information or baseband connection information. 